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Illegal Migration and Gender in a Global and Historical Perspective
The differences between men and women involved in migration have been studied from various angles in the last decades (Sinke 2006). However, study of the ‘illegal’ side of migration has remained relatively sparse. A special issue of International Migration Review on gender and migration offers an impressive overview of what has been written on gender differences in migration in recent years (Donato, Gabaccia, Holdaway, Manalansan & Pessar 2006), but the focus has mainly been on legal migration. Not much light is shed on the historical roots and global differences within illegal migration. In this book we therefore use a historical and global perspective to look at illegality – one of the leading subjects of current debates on migration – and the way the construction of illegality can help us understand migration from a gender perspective. Since the construction of migrant illegality is related to the construction of citizenship, research into the construction of migrant illegality clarifies how citizenship is defined and how mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion work out differently for men and women. Much of the literature on migrant illegality is recent, has little eye for historical developments, focuses on the United States and is predominantly concerned with policy aspects (De Genova 2002; Van der Leun 2003). This book looks at changes in the construction of migrant illegality from an interdisciplinary, socio-legal and historical perspective. The chapters of our book cover a long period of time – the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – and a large geographical area (Germany, the Netherlands, Britain, the US, Mexico, Malaysia, the Middle East, Iraq, the Horn of Africa, the Soviet Union and Pakistan). Our leading question is: how has illegality been constructed over time and space and to what extent was this different for men and women
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